UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
IGR1CULTURE  WBRARS 


3 


o 


Circulating  copy 
Agricultural  Libn 


ary 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
__  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY 
AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 

AGRICULTURE 


For  Aphides  or  Plant  Lice  use  Kerosene  Emulsion  on  all  Plants. 


SPRAY  CALENDAR, 

E.  O.  LODEflAN. 

MISSOURI  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION. 

BULLETIN  NO.  30. 


April  IS,  1895. 

Re-prlnted  by  consent  of  Cornell  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  given  by  I.  P.  Roberts,  Its  director,  to  P.  Schweitzer,  acting  director  of  Missouri  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 


In  the  preparation  of  this  calendar  the  most  important  points  regarding  sprays  have  been  selected  and  arraugod  in  such  a  manner  that  the  grower  can  see  at  a 
glance  what  to  apply  and  when  to  make  the  applications.  The  more  important  insect  and  fungous  enemies  are  also  mentioned,  so  that,  a  fairly  clear  understanding  of 
the  work  can  bo  obtained  by  examining  the  table  below.  When  making  the  applications  advised,  other  enemies  than  those  mentioned  are  also  kept  under  control,  for 
only  the  most  serious  ones  could  he  named  iu  so  brief  an  outline.  The  directions  given  have  been  carefully  compiled  from  the  latest  results  obtained  by  leading  horti¬ 
culturists  and  entomologists,  and  they  may  be  followed  with  safety. 

Notice.— In  this  calendar  it  will  be  seen  that  some  applications  are  italicized  and  these  are  the  ones  which  are  most  important.  The  number  of  applications  given 
in  each  case  has  particular  reference  to  localities  in  which  fungous  and  insect  enemies  are  most  abundant.  If  your  crops  are  not  troubled  when  some  applications  are 
advised,  it  is  unnecessary  to  make  any.  It  should  be  remembered  that  in  all  cases  success  is  dependent  upon  the  exercise  of  proper  judgment  in  making  applications. 
Know  the  enemy  to  be  destroyed  ;  know  the  remedies  that  are  most  effective ;  and, Anally,  apply  them  at  the  proper  season.  Be  prompt,  thorough  and  persistent. 
Knowledge  and  good  judgment  are  more  necessary  to  success  than  any  definite  rules  which  can  be  laid  down. 


PLANT. 

First  Application. 

Second  Application. 

Third  Application. 

Fourth  Application. 

Fifth  Application. 

Just  before  blossoms 
open,  Bordeaux.  For 
bud  moth,  Arsenites 
when  leaf  buds  open. 

When  blossoms  have 

S-12  dags  later,  Bor- 

10-14  days  later.  Bor- 

(Scab,  codlin  moth, 
bud  moth.) 

swelling,  copper  sul¬ 
phate  solution. 

fallen.  Bordeaux  and 
Arsenites. 

deaux  and  Arsenites. 

deaux. 

Bean 

(Anthracnosc.) 

When  third  leaf  cx- 
}>a»ds,  Bordeaux. 

10  dags  later ,  Bor¬ 
deaux. 

14  days  later,  Bor¬ 
deaux. 

14  days  later,  Bor¬ 
deaux. 

Cabbaok  . 

(  Worms,  aphis.) 

Carnation. . 

(Bust  and  other 
fungous  diseases,  red 
spider. ) 

When  worms  or  aphis 
are  first  seen,  Kerosene 
emulsion . 

When  rust  is  first  no¬ 
ticed,  Bordeaux.  Kero¬ 
sene  emulsion  when  red 
spider  is  first  seen. 

7-10  days  later,  if 
not  heading,  renew 
emulsion. 

For  rust  repeat  first 
in  10-14  dugs.  For  red 
spider  repeat  in  8-4 
days. 

7-10  dags  later,  if 
heading,  hoi  water  120 
degrees  F. 

Repeat  second  using 
the  Ammoniacal  car¬ 
bonate  of  copper  if 
plants  are  in  bloom. 

Repeat  third  in  10- 
14  days  if  necessary. 

Repeat,  second  as 
before,  if  necessary. 

(When  plants  are 
small,  Arsenites  may 
be  used  to  check 
worms.) 

Cherry  .  . . 

(Rot,  aphis,  slug.) 

As  buds  are  break¬ 
ing,  Bordeaux ;  when 
aphis  appears.  Kero¬ 
sene  emulsion. 

When  fruit  has  set, 
Bordeaux.  If  slugs 

appear,  dust  leaves 
with  air-slaked  lime. 
Hellebore. 

10-14  days  if  rot 
appears,  Bordeaux. 

10-14  days  later, 
Ammoniacal  copper 
carbonate. 

Currant  . 

(Mildew,  worms.) 

At  first  sign  of  worms, 
Arsenites. 

10  day 8  Inter,  helle¬ 
bore.  If  leaves  m  ildew, 
Bordeaux. 

If  worms  persist, 
Hellebore. 

Gooseberry . 

(Mildew,  worms.) 

When  leaves  expand, 
Bordeaux.  For  worms 
ns  above. 

10-14  days  later, 
Bordeaux.  For  worms 
as  above. 

10-14  dags  later,  Am¬ 
moniacal  copper  carbon¬ 
ate.  For  worms  as 
above. 

10-14  dags  later,  re¬ 
peat  third. 

Grape  . 

( Fungous  diseases, 

Flea-beetle.) 

I11  spring  when  buds 
swell,  copper  sulphate 
solution.  Paris  green 
for  flea-beetle. 

When  leaves  arc  1- 
1  1-2  inches  in  diame¬ 
ter,  Bordeaux.  Paris 
green  for  larva  of  flea- 
bcctlc. 

When  flowers  have 
fallen,  Bordeaux.  Paris 
reen  as  before. 

10-14  dags  later,  Bor¬ 
deaux. 

10-14  days  later  if 
any  disease  appears, 
Bordeaux. 

Nursery  Stock  .  . . . 
(Fungous  diseases.) 

When  first  leaves  ap¬ 
pear,  Bordeaux. 

10-14  days,  repeat 
first. 

10-14  days,  repeat 
first. 

10-14  days,  repeat 
first. 

10-14  days,  repeat 
first. 

Peach,  Nectarine, 
Apricot . 

Before  buds  swell, 
copper  sulphate  solu- 

Before  tlowers  open, 
Bordeaux. 

When  fruit  has  set, 
Bordeaux. 

When  fruit  is  nearly 
grown, Ammoniacal  cop- 

5-10  days  later  re¬ 
peat  fourth. 

Pear . 

(Leaf  blight,  scab, 
psglla,  codlin  moth.) 

■ 

As  buds  are  swell¬ 
ing.  copper  sulphate 
solution. 

Just  before  blossoms 
open,  Bordeaux  Kero¬ 
sene  emulsion  when 
leaves  open  for  psglla. 

After  blo8S\wis  have 
fallen.  Bordeaux  and 
Arsenites.  Kerosene 

emulsion  if  nc  less  ary. 

8-12  days  later,  re¬ 
peat  third. 

10-14  days  later, 
Bordeaux.  Kerosene 
emulsion  applied  forci¬ 
bly  for  psylla. 

Plum . 

(Fungous  diseases, 
curculio.) 

During  first  warm 
dags  of  carlg  spring. 
Bordeaux  for  black  knot. 
When  hares  are  off  in 
the  fall,  Kerosene  emul¬ 
sion  for  plum  scale. 

When  buds  are  swell¬ 
ing,  Bordeaux  for 

l.wit  mill  oilier 

winter. Kerosene 
sion  for  plum  scale. 

When  blossoms  have 
fallen , Bordeaux.  Begin 
Jo  jar  trees  for  curculio. 
^tefor'H  buds  start  in 
™ a- mg ,  Kerosene  emul¬ 
sion  for  plum  scale. 

10-14  dags  later,  Bor¬ 
deaux.  Jar  trees  for 
curculio  every  2-4  dags. 
For  San  Jose  scale, 
Kerosene  emulsion 
when  young  appear  in 
spring  and  summer. 

10-20  dags  later,  Bor¬ 
deaux  for  black  knot. 
Jar  trees  for  curculio. 
When  young  plum 
scale  insects  first  ap¬ 
pear  in  summer,  Kero¬ 
sene  emulsion. 

Potato . 

(Scab,  blight, beetles.) 

Soak  seed  for  scab  in 
corrosive  sublimate  so¬ 
lution  (2  0 to  16  gals, 
of  water)  for  90  min¬ 
utes. 

When  beetles  first  ap¬ 
pear,  Arsenites. 

When  vines  are  two- 
thirds  grown,  Bordeaux. 
Arsenites  for  beetles  if 
necessarg. 

10-15  days  later,  re¬ 
peat  third. 

10-15  days  later,  Bor¬ 
deaux  if  necessary. 

10-20  dags  later,  Bor- 

10-20  dags  later,  Bor- 

(  Leaf  and  fruit  spot.) 

appear,  Bordeaux. 

Bordeaux  and  Arsen¬ 
ites. 

Bordeaux. 

deaux. 

deaux. 

Raspberry.,  i 

Blackberry  V . 

Dewberry.  .  J 
(Anthracnosc,  rust.) 

Before  buds  break, 
copper  sulphate  solu¬ 
tion.  Cut  out  badly 
diseased  canes. 

During  summer,  if 
rust  appears  on  leaves, 
Bordeaux. 

Repeat  second  if 
necessary. 

(Orange  or  red  rust 
is  treated  best  by  de¬ 
stroying  entirely  the 
affected  plants.) 

Ro  1 

( Mildew,  black  sjtot, 
red  spider,  aphis.) 

For  mildew.  Key) 
heating  pipes  painted 
with  ct/iinl  parts  of  lime 
and  sulphur  mixed  with 
water  to  form  a  thin 
paste. 

For  black  spot. 
Spray  plants  once  a 
week  with  Ammoniacal 
copper  carboiiate,  using 
fine  spray. 

For  red  spider. 
Spray  plants  twice  a 
week  with  Kerosene 
emulsion.  Apply  to 
under  side  of  foliage. 

For  aphis.  Spray 

affected  parts  with 
Kerosene  e  m  vision 
when  necessarg. 

Strawberry . 

(Rust.) 

As  first  fruits  are  set¬ 
tling,  Bordeaux. 

As  first  fruits  are 
ripening,  Ammoniacal 
copper  carbonate. 

When  last  fruits  arc 
harvested,  Bordeaux. 

Repeat  third  if  foli¬ 
age  rusts. 

Repeat  third  if  nec¬ 
essary. 

Tom  \to 

(Rot,  blight.) 

At  first  appearance 
of  blight  or  rot,  under 
glass  or  out  of  doors, 
Bordeaux. 

Repeat  first  if  dis¬ 
eases  are  not  checked. 

Repeat  first  when 
necessary.  , 

f 

Violet . 

( Blight,  red  spider.) 

When  blight  is  first 
seen  in  summer,  Bor¬ 
deaux.  Kerosene  emul¬ 
sion  for  insects  when 
necessarg. 

Repeat  first  in  10-20 
days  for  blight. 

Repeat  first  in  10-20 
days  for  blight. 

Repeat  first  if  nec¬ 
essary. 

(Bordeaux  mixture 
has  been  tested  for 
violet  diseases  only  to 
a  limited  extent.) 

Sixth  Application. 


10-14  days  later,  Bor 
deaux. 


10-14  days,  Ammo- 
niacal  copper  carbon¬ 
ate.  Make  later  ap¬ 
plications  of  this  if 
necessary. 

10-14  days  repeat 
first. 

5-10  days  later,  re 
peat  fourth  if  neees- 


10-14  days  later,  re¬ 
peat  fifth  if  necessary. 


10-20  (lags  later,  Bor¬ 
deaux  for  black  knot. 
Later  applications  mag 
be  necessary  to  prevent 
leaf  spot  and  fruit  rot, 
use  Ammoniacal  copper 
carbonate. 


(Kerosene  emulsion 
must  be  used  very  di¬ 
lute,  as  rose  foliage  is 
easily  injured  by  it.) 


(Young plants  not  in 
bearing  may  be  treat¬ 
ed  throughout  the 
fruiting  season.) 


(Kerosene  emulsion 
must  be  used  very  di¬ 
lute,  as  violet  foliage 
is  easily  injured  by  it.) 


Bordeaux  nixturc. 

Copper  sulphate . . f>  pounds 

QmLJunc  t  - 

w  ^ 

Dissolve  the  copper  sulphate  by  putting  it  in  n  hag  of 
coarse  cloth  and  hanging  this  in  a  vessel  holding  at  least  4 
gallons,  so  that  it  i*  just  covered  bv  the  water.  Use  an 
earthen  or  wooden  emit*/  Slake  the  lime  in  an  equal 
nmount  of  water  Then  mix  the  two  and  add  enough  water 
to  make  40  gallons.  It  is  then  ready  for  immediate  use  but 
will  keep  indefinitely.  If  the  mixture  is  to  be  used  on  peach 
foliage  11  is  advisable  to  add  an  extra  pound  of  lime  to  the 
above  formula.  When  applied  to  such  plants  as  curoations 
or  cabbages  it  will  adhere  better  if  about  a  pound  of  hard 
soap  he  dissolved  in  hot  water  and  added  to  the  mixture 
For  rots,  moulds,  mildews  and  fungous  diseases. 

Ammoniacal  Copper  Carbonate. 

Copper  carbonate  . 1  ounce 

Ammonia . .  . enough  to  dissolve  the  copper 

Water .  .  g  gallons 

The  copper  carbonate  is  he-si  dissolved  in  large  boulcs, 
where  11  will  keep  indefinitely,  and  it  should  be  diluted  with 
water  as  required.  For  the  same  purposes  as  Bordeaux 
mixture 


FORMULAS. 


Copper  Sulphate  Solution. 

Copper  sulphate . . i . . «  pound 

Water .  ...  15  gallons 

Dissolve  the  copper  sulphate  in  the  water,  when  it  is  ready 
for  use.  This  should  lin  er  he  applied  to  foliage,  but  must  he 
used  before  the  buds  break.  For  peaches  and'ncciarines  use 
25  gallons  of  water.  For  fungous  diseases. 


Paris  Green. 


1  poi 


ind 


. . . . 200-300  gallons 

If  this  mixture  is  to  be  used  *  on  peach  trees,  t  pound  of 
quicklime  should  he  added.  Repeated  applications  will  in¬ 
jure  most  foliage,  unless  lime  is  added.  Paris  green  and 
Bordeaux  mixture  ran  be  app/ie,  together  with  perfect  safety. 
Use  ut  the  rate  of  4  ounces  of  the  arsenites  to  <0  gallons  of  the 
mixture.  The  action  of  neither  is  weakened,  and  the  Paris 
green  loses  all  caustic  propertici .  For  insects  which  chew. 

London  I  urple. 

This  is  used  in  the  same  prop  >i 


position  of  London  purple  is  exceedingly  variable,  and  un¬ 
less  good  reasons  exist  for  supposing  that  it  contains  as  much 
arsenic  as  Paris  green,  use  the  latter  poison.  Do  not  use 
London  purple  on  peach  or  plum  trees  unless  considerable 
lime  is  added.  For  insects  wnich  chew. 

Hellebore. 


Fresh  white  hellebore . . . . .  i  ounce 

Water .  . 3  gallons 

Apply  when  thoroughly  mixed.  This  poison  is  not  so  ener¬ 
getic  os  the  arsenites  and  may  he  used  a  short  time  before  the 
sprayed  portions  mature.  For  Insects  which  chew. 

Kerosene  Emulsion. 

Hard  soap .  ■■■’A  pound 

Boiling  water  . 1  gallon 

Kerosene . a  gallons 

Dissolve  the  soap  in  the  water,  add  the  kerosene,  and  churn 
with  a  pump  for  5-10  minutes.  Dilute  10  to  25  times  before 
applying.  Use  strong  emulsion  for  all  scale  insects.  For 
insects  which  suck,  as  plant  lice,  mealy  bugs,  red  spider, 
thrips,  bark  lice  or  scale.  Cabbage  worms,  currant  worms, 
and  all  insects  which  have  soft  bodies,  can  also  be  success¬ 
fully  treated. 


Black  Knots  on  Plums  or  Cherries  should  l»e  cut  out  and  burned  as  soon  as  discovered. 


